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A significant lack of effective, evidence-based programming exists to aid homeless youth, especially in low- and middle-income nations, where most of these young individuals reside. Programs emphasizing youth leadership and participation in engagement activities appear to be effective strategies for promoting positive outcomes and engagement amongst this group. By Youth for Youth (BYFY), a peer-based leadership curriculum, is designed to facilitate youth engagement, promote empowerment, and foster skill development. BYFY's deployment, up to this point, has exhibited promising process and outcome indicators, achieving success in supporting youth experiencing homelessness, both in Toronto and among Indigenous youth in Thunder Bay. In Managua, Nicaragua, 30 street-involved youth were subjected to a BYFY intervention, the results of which are presented in this article. We analyze the key implementation factors behind BYFY's success in Nicaragua, according to insights from youth leaders and Covenant House International facilitators. Using a general inductive approach, we analyzed interview data, field notes, and the artistic products (rap videos, graffiti art, and street theatre) of the project to identify the processes behind positive participant outcomes, such as developing a sense of safety and providing opportunities to challenge negative self-perceptions. A scalable youth engagement model, documented in this article, is practical for implementation in low-resource settings and demonstrates effectiveness in engaging street-involved youth across various cultural and contextual landscapes. Stakeholders can leverage these findings by implementing the practical implications and actionable measures outlined. This PsycINFO database record, created in 2023, is the property of the American Psychological Association, and all rights are reserved.

This paper outlines ways in which psychiatrists can benefit from integrating literary activities, such as engaging with fiction and creative writing, into their clinical work.
To move beyond the simplistic body-mind dichotomy in medical therapeutic thought, concepts from literary theory, phenomenology, and psychodynamic analysis will be instrumental. Listening and responding to subjective and intersubjective processes, while understanding the dynamics and structure of verbalized qualia, will be emphasized. To enhance the clinical practice of psychiatrists and psychologists, we will draw on personal experiences from a pilot project that incorporates literary techniques.
In our analysis, we suggest a hermeneutical framework for the clinical encounter, where the scenic and poetic interpretation of the texts produced through therapy and those generated by the patient's thoughts is a gradual, evolving process.
This theoretical examination suggests two applications where the study of literature offers substantial benefits to the clinical work of psychologists and psychiatrists. The PsycINFO Database Record is copyright 2023, owned by APA.
From a theoretical standpoint, this study demonstrates two pathways through which literary practices and concepts significantly enhance the clinical practice of psychologists and psychiatrists. The American Psychological Association retains all rights to this PsycInfo record, issued in 2023.

Prior investigations have demonstrated the effect of psychiatric symptoms on social engagement, though scant studies have explored the connection between social competence and individual perceptions of mental health restoration, as measured by a person's self-evaluation of their recovery progress. Social engagement, interpersonal communication, and satisfaction with support were investigated to determine their mediating role in the relationship between varied psychiatric symptom clusters and perceived mental health recovery.
For a cross-sectional study, data from 250 patients with serious mental illness (SMI) were collected from four mental health service sites, employing both patient self-report and provider evaluations. The researchers chose to use parallel mediation analytic models.
Interpersonal communication acted as a partial mediator between the effects of positive and negative symptom clusters on personal recovery. Personal recovery was partially influenced by social support satisfaction, acting as a mediator between excited symptoms and recovery outcomes. Interpersonal communication and satisfaction with social supports played a partial mediating role in the connection between general psychological distress, depressive symptoms, and personal recovery. The relationship between general psychological distress, excited symptoms, and personal recovery, and the relationship between positive symptoms and personal recovery, were significantly mediated by social functioning, explaining nearly half in the former and practically all in the latter.
Clinical providers should prioritize social functioning assessment alongside psychiatric symptoms and personal recovery factors for individuals with severe mental illness; this should include the consistent implementation of social skills education in group and individual treatment settings. For patients who feel underwhelmed by previous interventions or believe they have achieved maximal benefits from their current treatment, further intervention focused on social functioning may become an important addition to support their personal recovery. This PsycINFO Database Record is protected by copyright, owned by the APA, in 2023.
To effectively support persons with severe mental illness (SMI), clinical providers must continually assess social functioning along with psychiatric symptoms and personal recovery factors, and strategically incorporate social skills education into group and individual therapies. Patients seeking additional avenues for personal recovery, unsatisfied with the outcomes of other interventions or feeling they've achieved maximum benefit, may find focusing on social functioning a particularly helpful treatment approach. APA's copyright 2023 governs the return of this PsycInfo database record, all rights reserved.

A patient experienced malignant glaucoma subsequent to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) keratouveitis development after a repeat penetrating keratoplasty (PK), a case report.
A historical examination of the patient's medical documents, complemented by a review of existing research on EBV corneal endotheliitis and/or anterior uveitis.
A Thai female patient, 78 years of age, presented with a severely edematous corneal graft in her left eye following the third penetrating keratoplasty (PK). This was accompanied by dense, pigmented keratic precipitates, fibrinous anterior chamber reaction, a uniformly flat anterior chamber, and elevated ocular hypertension of 55 mmHg on the first day post-procedure. The tap water used for polymerase chain reaction analysis of samples was found to contain EBV DNA, but no other herpesviruses were detected. Following a diagnosis of EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis-induced malignant glaucoma, the patient experienced successful treatment using oral valacyclovir and topical 2% ganciclovir eye drops.
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) patients with EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis face a risk of developing malignant glaucoma. Military medicine A patient with a history of multiple, unexplained graft rejections requires an elevated index of suspicion for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Penetrating keratoplasty (PK) may be followed by the onset of malignant glaucoma, a complication possibly linked to EBV endotheliitis and anterior uveitis. A high index of suspicion is obligatory for any patient presenting with a history of unexplained multiple graft rejections.

Recently, perceptual confidence has emerged as a significant subject of discussion. Although this is the case, a critical limitation in current strategies lies in the fact that the bulk of studies have focused on confidence assessments made for isolated decisions. Investigating local confidence assessments in three experiments reveals their interplay with global confidence judgments, representing observers' evaluation of their performance across a sequence of perceptual decisions. Two significant results are detailed. Participants' overconfidence is demonstrably higher in their local evaluations of performance than in their global ones, a reflection of the aggregation effect observed in knowledge-driven decisions. We further highlight that this effect is tied directly to confidence judgments, and is not attributable to a calculation bias. AZD1480 We present a novel effect; participants' aggregate confidence is larger for collections of tasks characterized by more varied difficulty levels, even when controlling for their performance outcomes. To our surprise, the variability effect is evident in local confidence judgments, completely explaining the global level effect. Ultimately, our results propose that global confidence is built upon local confidence, although these two processes can sometimes be partially uncoupled. Genetically-encoded calcium indicators To understand how observers construct and use a holistic sense of perceptual confidence, we analyze various theoretical perspectives and associated empirical studies. All rights to the PsycInfo Database Record, 2023, are reserved by the APA.

Fairness in actions stems from a strong sense of opposing inequity. Studies of past work suggest a greater degree of cross-cultural variation in children's responses to rejecting allocations that would offer them more reward than their peers, illustrating partner-advantageous inequity, as opposed to allocations providing them with less than their peers, reflecting partner-disadvantageous inequity. In contrast, past research, which relied exclusively on children's decisions of whether to accept or reject these propositions, has failed to articulate the algorithms that inform this divergence. Data from 807 children across seven societies, playing the Inequity Game, is analyzed using a computational decision-making model to unveil the computational signatures of inequity aversion in this study. Drift-diffusion models were instrumental in formally separating evaluative processing, the calculation of the subjective value of accepting or rejecting inequitable situations, from alternative influences like response time and strategic responses.